Volkswagen Type 2 - Wikipedia. The Volkswagen Type 2, known officially (depending on body type) as the Transporter, Kombi or Microbus, or, informally, as the Bus (US) or Camper (UK), is a forward controlpanel van introduced in 1. German automaker.

Volkswagen as its second car model. Following – and initially deriving from Volkswagen's first model, the Type 1 (Beetle) – it was given the factory designation Type 2.[2]As one of the forerunners of the modern cargo and passenger vans, the Type 2 gave rise to forward control competitors in the United States in the 1. Ford Econoline, the Dodge A1. Chevrolet Corvair 9. Corvan, the latter adopting the Type 2's rear- engine configuration. European competition included the 1. Citroën H Van, the 1.

Renault Estafette (both FF layout), and the 1. FR layout. Ford Transit.

Japanese manufacturers also introduced similar vehicles, such as the Nissan Caravan, Toyota Lite. Ace and Subaru Sambar. Watch Carry On England Online Freeform. Like the Beetle, the van has received numerous nicknames worldwide, including the "microbus", "minibus",[3] and, because of its popularity during the counterculture movement of the 1. Hippie van/wagon, and still remains iconic for many hippies today. Brazil contained the last factory in the world that produced the T2 series of Type 2, which ceased production on December 3. This (after the 2.

T3 successor in South Africa) marked the end of the era of rear- engine Volkswagens manufactured, which originated in 1. Type 1 prototypes. History[edit]The concept for the Type 2 is credited to Dutch Volkswagen importer Ben Pon. It has similarities in concept to the 1.

Rumpler Tropfenwagen and 1. Dymaxion car by Buckminster Fuller, neither of which reached production.) Pon visited Wolfsburg in 1. Type 1s for import to the Netherlands, where he saw an improvised parts- mover and realized something better was possible using the stock Type 1 pan.[5] He first sketched the van in a doodle dated April 2. Production would have to wait, however, as the factory was at capacity producing the Type 1.[1]When capacity freed up, a prototype known internally as the Type 2. The stock Type 1 pan proved to be too weak so the prototype used a ladder chassis with unit body construction.[1] Coincidentally the wheelbase was the same as the Type 1's.[1] Engineers reused the reduction gear from the Type 8. W) flat four engine.[1]Although the aerodynamics of the first prototypes were poor (with an initial drag coefficient of Cd=0. Technical University of Braunschweig to optimize the design.

[img]http:// Transporter 2 does everything that The Transporter did but better.

Simple changes such as splitting the windshield and roofline into a "vee" helped the production Type 2 achieve Cd=0. Type 1's Cd=0. 4. Volkswagen's new chief executive officer Heinz Nordhoff (appointed 1 January 1.

May 1. 94. 9[1] and the first production model, now designated Type 2,[7] rolled off the assembly line to debut 1. November.[1] Only two models were offered: the Kombi (with two side windows and middle and rear seats that were easily removable by one person),[7] and the Commercial.[1] The Microbus was added in May 1.

Deluxe Microbus in June 1. In all 9,5. 41 Type 2s were produced in their first year of production.[7]An ambulance model was added in December 1. These features became standard on the Type 2 from 1. Type 2s were built in the 1. These were joined by a single- cab pickup in August 1.

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Type 2s until all were heavily modified in 1. Unlike other rear engine Volkswagens, which evolved constantly over time but never saw the introduction of all- new models, the Transporter not only evolved, but was completely revised periodically with variations retrospectively referred to as versions "T1" to "T5" (a nomenclature only invented after the introduction of the front- drive T4 which replaced the T2. However, only generations T1 to T3 (or T2.

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Ireland and Great Britain) can be seen as directly related to the Beetle (see below for details)[citation needed]. The Type 2, along with the 1. Citroën H Van, are among the first 'forward control' vans in which the driver was placed above the front roadwheels.

They started a trend in Europe, where the 1. GM Bedford CA, 1.

RAF- 9. 77, 1. 95. Renault Estafette, 1. BMC Morris J4, and 1. Commer FC also used the concept. In the United States, the Corvair- based Chevrolet Corvan cargo van and Greenbrier passenger van went so far as to copy the Type 2's rear- engine layout, using the Corvair's horizontally opposed, air- cooled engine for power.

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Except for the Greenbrier and various 1. Fiat minivans, the Type 2 remained unique in being rear- engined. This was a disadvantage for the early "barndoor" Panel Vans, which could not easily be loaded from the rear because the engine cover intruded on interior space, but generally advantageous in traction and interior noise. Variants[edit]The Type 2 was available as a: Panel van, a delivery van without side windows or rear seats. Double- door Panel Van, a delivery van without side windows or rear seats and cargo doors on both sides.

High Roof Panel Van (German: Hochdach), a delivery van with raised roof. Kombi, from German: Kombinationskraftwagen (combination motor vehicle), with side windows and removable rear seats, both a passenger and a cargo vehicle combined. Bus, also called a Volkswagen Caravelle, a van with more comfortable interior reminiscent of passenger cars since the third generation. Lotação (share- taxi), a version exclusive to Brazil, with 6 front- hinged doors for the passenger area and 4 bench- seats, catering to the supplemental public transport segment.[citation needed] Available from 1. Samba- Bus, a van with skylight windows and cloth sunroof, first generation only, also known as a Deluxe Microbus. They were marketed for touring the Alps.[1.

Flatbed pickup truck, or Single Cab, also available with wider load bed. Crew cab pick- up, a flatbed truck with extended cab and two rows of seats, also called a Doka, from German: Doppelkabine. Westfalia camping van, "Westy", with Westfalia roof and interior. Included optional "pop up" top. Adventurewagen camping van, with high roof and camping units from Adventurewagen.

Semi- camping van that can also still be used as a passenger car and transporter, sacrificing some camping comforts. Multivan" or "Weekender", available from the third generation on. Apart from these factory variants, there were a multitude of third- party conversions available, some of which were offered through Volkswagen dealers. They included, but were not limited to, refrigerated vans, hearses, ambulances, police vans, fire engines and ladder trucks, and camping van conversions by companies other than Westfalia. There were even 3. Klv 2. 0 rail- going draisines built for Deutsche Bundesbahn in 1. In South Africa, it is known as a well- loved variation of the ice cream van (first, second and third generations).

First generation (T1; 1. Volkswagen Type 2 (T1)1. Volkswagen Type 2.

Overview. Manufacturer. Volkswagen. Production. Europe and US)1. 95. Brazil)Assembly. Wolfsburg, Germany. Hanover, Germany.

São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil. Melbourne, Australia[1. Body and chassis. Class. Light commercial vehicle (M)Body style. Layout. RR layout. Platform. Volkswagen Group T1 platform.

Powertrain. Engine. LB4 (petrol)1. 2 L B4 (petrol)1.

L B4 (petrol)1. 6 L B4 (petrol) (Brazil, after 1. Dimensions. Wheelbase.

Length. 4,2. 80 mm (1. Width. 1,7. 20 mm (6. Height. 1,9. 40 mm (7. Volkswagen T1 1. 3 window "Kombi" microbus. Volkswagen T1 Single- cab utility pickup.

The first generation of the Volkswagen Type 2 with the split windshield, informally called the Microbus, Splitscreen, or Splittie among modern fans, was produced from 8 March 1. From 1. 95. 0 to 1. T1 (not called that at the time) was built in Wolfsburg; from 1. Transporter factory in Hanover. Like the Beetle, the first Transporters used the 1. Volkswagen air- cooled engine, an 1,1.

DIN- rated 1. 8 k. W (2. 4 PS; 2. 4 bhp), air- cooledflat- four- cylinder'boxer' engine mounted in the rear. This was upgraded to the 1. W (3. 0 PS; 3. 0 bhp) in 1. A higher compression ratio became standard in 1.